Biomedical engineering: modeling and control of physiological systems, medical instrumentation and biosignal processing, pattern recognition and image processing (texture analysis, image classification, and segmentation) in medicine, assistive technology to aid persons with disabilities, cardiac anatomy, electrophysiology, and mechanics and resuscitation, neural engineering. <br>A minimum of 72 credits beyond the B.S. degree. The M.S. degree may count up to 30 of these credits, the remaining credits are split between course work and dissertation research. Students with an M.S. in an appropriate field complete between 18-24 dissertation credits, students without the M.S. may take between 18 and 30 (in either case additional dissertation credits may be taken for no program credit). A qualifying examination is required. A comprehensive examination is required after all formal course work is completed. Two credits of the departmental seminar (ELE 601 and 602) are required of all students. These credits may not be counted as part of the 42 credits required beyond the master's degree.