大气与海洋科学哲学博士-大气化学

马里兰大学的大气化学研究专注于量化人类活动对大气臭氧和气溶胶的影响。有趣的是，污染导致对流层臭氧水平升高（所谓的“坏臭氧”，因为低层大气中的臭氧对人体健康和农业有害），与此同时，污染也导致平流层水平降低臭氧（所谓的“良好臭氧”，因为高空大气中的臭氧可保护生命免受有害的紫外线影响）。气溶胶，特别是燃烧产生的小颗粒，对健康尤其是儿童和老人有很大的健康风险。大气气溶胶对于气候的辐射强迫也很重要：由污染引起的气溶胶可以加热或冷却表面，具体取决于颗粒的组成和光学特性。
The Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science offers graduate study leading to the Master of Professional Studies, Master of Science, and Doctor of Philosophy degrees. Coursework in atmospheric and oceanic sciences is also offered at the upper division and graduate level as a service to other campus graduate programs. The educational program is broadly based and involves many applications of the mathematical, physical and applied sciences that characterize modern atmospheric sciences and physical oceanography, including climate and earth system science, and multidisciplinary studies of the interrelationship among the atmosphere, the oceans, the land, and the biota. The Department's advanced degree programs are designed to prepare students for participation in contemporary research in the atmospheric and oceanic science. Research specializations include: atmospheric dynamics, atmospheric chemistry, physical oceanography, air pollution, atmospheric radiative transfer, remote sensing of the atmosphere, ocean, and land, climate variability and change, data assimilation, numerical weather prediction, severe storms, surface-atmosphere, ocean-atmosphere and biosphere-atmosphere interactions, and earth system modeling. The curriculum includes a set of Core courses to provide a fundamental background in atmospheric and oceanic dynamics, physical meteorology and atmospheric chemistry, earth system science and climate, as well as advanced specialized courses. Supervised research using state-of-the-art facilities then prepares the students for future contributions in their chosen field.<br><br>Atmospheric chemistry research at the University of Maryland focuses on quantification of the effect of human activity on atmospheric ozone and aerosols. Interestingly, pollution leads to higher levels of tropospheric ozone (so-called bad ozone, because ozone in the lower atmosphere is harmful to human health and agriculture) and, at the same time, pollution also leads to reduced levels of stratospheric ozone (so-called good ozone, because ozone in the upper atmosphere protects life from harmful solar ultra-violet radiation). Aerosols, particularly small size particles produced by combustion, pose a significant health risk, especially for children and the elderly. Atmospheric aerosols are also important for the radiative forcing of climate: aerosols caused by pollution can either warm or cool the surface, depending on the composition and optical properties of the particles.