Visual neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field that has made fundamental contributions to cellular, developmental, and systems neuroscience. Although most of us take vision for granted, in fact it arises from a complex network of highly specialized neurons in both the retina and central nervous system. With our aging population, vision loss and blindness are becoming an increasing health care problem. According to the National Eye Institute (2015), it is estimated that one person in three has some form of vision-reducing eye disease by age 65. The most common cause of reduced or lost vision include macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy. Each of these disease affects millions of individuals. Over 22 million individuals in the U.S. have cataracts. Glaucoma alone results in vision loss in 2.3 million Americans. With the aging of the populations, these number continue to grow causing significant loss to the quality of life as well as significant health care costs.<br>Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry. The objects of this inquiry, the brain and nervous system, are sufficiently complex and unique among biological systems to require experimental and analytical approaches that cross the traditional boundaries of molecular and cell biology, behavioral biology, biochemistry, genetics, pharmacology, physiology, and psychology. In some instances, neuroscientific inquiry may also encompass computer science, information processing, engineering, physics, and mathematics.