Doctoral degrees are awarded to candidates who display deep understanding of the subject matter of their disciplines as well as the ability to make original contributions to knowledge in their fields. The University of Arizona FFSoM offers the Doctor of Musical Arts degree with concentrations in the fields of Composition, Conducting, and Performance, and the Doctor of Philosophy degree with concentrations in Music Education, Music Theory, and Musicology. The university does not permit double use of courses in a major and a minor or in a second minor.<br><br>The School of Music offers programs leading to the Master of Music (MM) degree, the Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA) degree, and the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree. MM degrees may be pursued with emphases in composition, ethnomusicology, music education, musicology, music theory, and performance (including accompanying and conducting), The DMA degree has emphases in composition, conducting, and performance. In the performance emphasis concentrations are available in bassoon, cello, clarinet, double bass, euphonium, flute, guitar, horn, harp, harpsichord, oboe, organ, percussion, piano, saxophone, trombone, trumpet, tuba, viola, violin, and voice. In the conducting emphasis concentrations are available in choral or instrumental/orchestral conducting. The PhD degree can be earned with emphases in music education, music theory, or musicology. According to the National Association of Schools of Music, graduate education in music should foster and develop (1) those talents, interests, and philosophies that preserve and extend our cultural heritage, (2) professional competence in the communication and dissemination of knowledge, and (3) individuals with the potential to solve contemporary problems in various aspects of music.