Graduate study in orthodontics is available for selected candidates who wish to specialize in the field. The faculty of the orthodontic graduate program intends to produce leaders in orthodontics, whether in clinical practice, teaching, or research. The orthodontic curriculum is designed to be flexible, especially during the third academic year where, after consultation with the faculty, additional emphasis can be placed on clinical experience, teaching, and/or research. The department goal is to provide each student with a strong background which once completed, can be tailored to best prepare each student for his or her future career goal of clinical practice, research, or academics. The third year also provides an opportunity to complete treatment of the majority of the cases started in the first year. The graduate program in Orthodontics, established in 1923, is the oldest degree granting orthodontics program in the world. It has historically played and continues to play a strong leadership role by providing the research and academic direction to the profession. The graduate program in Orthodontics is of 35 months duration and grants an M.S. in Orthodontics through the Rackham Graduate School. It admits seven students annually. A PhD track is also available for those individuals who wish to pursue full-time careers in academic orthodontics. The orthodontic faculty serves as key members of the Craniofacial Anomalies team at the C.S. Mott Children's Hospital and, together with our graduate students, provide orthodontic treatment to patients with developmental disorders in our clinic at the dental school. The program also provides collaborative treatment on complex cases in conjunction with other dental specialties including Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics, and Periodontics. The Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry initiated the world-renowned Moyers Symposium in 1973, which is cosponsored by the University of Michigan Center for Human Growth and Development. This is the preeminent clinical research symposium in the profession. The orthodontic program maintains and continues to utilize the unique radiographic and dental cast records from the Michigan Growth Study for research studies.