Clinical and translational science (CTS) spans basic biology, clinical medicine, and community health policy to understand and develop new approaches to improving human health. CTS investigators need to appreciate how biologic and non-biologic aspects of health care interact to influence individuals and populations and how to turn those interactions to advantage. The Master's in CTS is a 31 credit hour degree designed for individuals who desire more intensive exposure to focused areas in CTS. Students are expected to complete 19 credit hours of core coursework courses (CTS 301, 305, 306, 310, 315, 320, 325), 6 credit hours of electives, and 6 credit hours of supervised research. Individuals must also participate in the weekly Seminar in CTS, successfully pass a comprehensive exam, and successfully complete and publicly defend a thesis. Applicants should have Doctoral Degrees, expertise in their specialties and desire the skills to succeed as Principal Investigators. Candidates will generally have had some research experience. A typical candidate would be an MD taking a postgraduate fellowship in a medical or specialty, or a Doctorate in Nursing who wants to enhance or deepen research skills. Concentration in Surgery - The Master's in CTS is a 31 credit hour degree designed for individuals who desire more intensive exposure to focused areas in CTS. Students are expected to complete 19 credit hours of core coursework courses (CTS 301, 305, 306, 310, 315, 320, 325), 6 credit hours of electives, and 6 credit hours of supervised research. Individuals must also participate in the weekly Seminar in CTS, successfully pass a comprehensive exam, and successfully complete and publicly defend a thesis. Applicants must be surgical residents, surgical fellows, or surgical attending physicians. This Concentration requires elective courses in surgery as part of the MS program. Concentration in Research Management - The Master's in CTS is a 31 credit hour degree designed for individuals who have an interest in becoming science professionals, including research coordinators, patient advocates, research administrators, etc. These students do not intend to become Principal Investigators. Students are expected to complete 22 credit hours of core coursework courses (CTS 301, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, 315, 320), 3 credit hours of electives, and successfully complete a 6 credit hour research internship under the supervision of a research mentor. Individuals must also participate in the weekly Seminar in CTS and successfully pass a comprehensive exam. No thesis or defense is required.