The Master of Arts degree programs in French Language and Literature and in Spanish Language and Literature are designed for students who desire the degree with a minor in education and ''M'' teaching licensure, those who desire other minors (including French for students of Spanish and vice versa), and students who wish to pursue an MA in French or Spanish language and literature without a minor. Unlike the traditional MA in French or Spanish that emphasizes period and genre approaches to literature, the N.C. State program integrates the study of language, literature, culture and civilization. One of our primary aims is to serve the needs and interests of foreign language teachers in North Carolina and, through them, their students. In this era of critical teacher shortages, this program allows teachers to keep teaching while they upgrade their linguistic, cultural, and pedagogical skills. Because of its ongoing close professional relationship with teachers, its awareness of the need for graduate course material that can be applied to classroom realities, its state-of-the-art foreign language technology center, as well as the strong scholarly qualifications of its faculty, the NC State Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures is uniquely qualified to provide this service to the state.