An important component of the M.S. and Ph.D. graduate programs is research under direction of a major professor. Much of this research is carried out under the auspices of one of the outstanding research facilities of the world, the Empire State Paper Research Institute (ESPRI), an important research component of the Department. Its research activities aim to generate new information regarding the fundamentals, the science, the engineering and the technology of the papermaking process, utilizing advanced techniques such as computer simulation, electron microscopy, specialized spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic and electron spin resonance and nuclear tracer methods. Graduate studies reflect the strong trend toward diversification in the industry and offer opportunities for study in a variety of subjects related to the manufacture of pulp and paper as well as other products, chemicals, and energy from sustainable raw material sources. Individual study programs and research plans are designed to meet specific personal needs.